Autonomously functioning thyroid nodule: a patient-based review

Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodule (AFTN) is a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. AFTN, first described by Emil Goetsch in 1918, the presence single hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule, which not under control pituitary/thyroid axis. The current theory on development nodules constitutive activation Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) due to somatic point mutation and mutations Gsa. reported incidence AFTN about 1% investigation nodules. Only 10% - 30% become hyperfunction. Due rarity lack understanding its characteristic clinical behaviour, AFTNs are often overlooked undertreated. ensuing review based 36-year-old female who underwent left hemithyroidectomy for an well date. There two main issues diagnosis management AFTN. that always made as most patients with functionally euthyroid. other paucity data literature offer evidencebased individualized patients. As there no tissue diagnostic criteria AFTN; clinical, biochemical radiological assessments establish TSH independent nodular hyperfunction will clinch diagnosis.Surgery Radioiodine ablation remain forms treatment Other methods such percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT), laser (LA), radiofrequency (RFA) have limited role newer alluded above need further evaluation better definition exact roles